Physician Specialty Descriptions Following is a list of physician specialties followed by descriptions. Once you find the specialty you are looking for, click on one of the following links to find a physician. Find a physician by specialty Find a physician by name Custom search         Using This Directory: Click on the black triangle on the title bar to change the sort order. Click on a blue triangle to expand or collapse that category. Specialty Description Rheumatology is the medical specialty concerned with the study, diagnosis and treatment of various conditions that include pain or other symptoms of bone, joints, and/or muscle (musculoskeletal system). Rheumatologists treat arthritis, certain autoimmune diseases, musculoskeletal pain disordered, and osteoporosis. There are more than 100 types of these diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, lupus, back pain, fibromyalgia, and tendonitis.